What does the COA sketch and statement encompass?

The correct answer is the 5 W's because the COA (Course of Action) sketch and statement are primarily focused on detailing the who, what, when, where, and why of the proposed plan. This approach ensures that all essential aspects of the operation are covered comprehensively, allowing for a clear understanding of how the plan will unfold.

The "who" addresses the units or individuals involved in the operation. The "what" describes the specific tasks and actions to be executed. The "when" refers to the timeline of the operation, while the "where" indicates the geographical areas of operation. Finally, the "why" explains the rationale behind the selected course of action, linking it to the overall mission objectives and desired outcomes.

Each of the other options represents various frameworks and methodologies that may be useful in different contexts or planning scenarios, but they do not concentrate specifically on the key elements that define the COA sketch and statement. The 5 W's offer a clear and structured outline that is essential for effective military planning and decision-making.